Madd rules 1

THE MUDOOD (LENGTHENINGS)

THE LENGTHENING

Its linguistic definition: Extra

Its applied definition: Lengthening of the sound with a letter of the medd letters.

The medd letters are in the following three cases:

1. The alif is always in this state, which is an alif saakinah, preceded by a fathah:

2. The

saakinah preceded by a kasrah

3. The

saakinah preceded by a dhammah:

All three of these medd letters appear in one word in the following examples:

The leen letters

The

saakinah preceded by a fat-hah, such as:

2. The

sakinah preceded by a fat-hah), such as:

The medd is divided into two groups:

(The Original Medd)

(The Secondary Medd)

The Natural Lengthening

Its definition: It is the medd (lengthening) that without which the letter cannot exist (the timing), and it does not stop due to a hamzah or a sukoon.

Its timing: It is lengthened two vowel counts.

The timing of each count depends on the speed of the reciter. Each vowel should be equal in count to the other, and the mudood of two, four, five, and six counts should be equal to that many vowels.

Examples of

(the natural lengthening ):

Included in

is the group of letters "

", which are letters that start some surahs of the Qur’an. If any one of these letters is at the beginning of a surah, the letter is read with two vowel counts. An example of this would be:

THE MUDOOD THAT WHICH FOLLOWS THE NATURAL LENGTHENING RULES

The following are two different medd (or lengthenings) that follow the count of the natural medd

, meaning they also have two vowel counts.

1. The Lesser Connective Lengthening

2. The Substitute Lengthening

3. The Enabling Lengthening مد التمكين

THE LESSER CONNECTING MEDD

It is a medd that comes from the vowel on a

(pronoun or possessive pronoun

) which meets the following conditions:

on the end of a word (last letter) that is not part of the original make up of the word, representing the singular third person male. It is voweled either with a dhammah or a kasrah, positioned between two voweled letters, the reader is not stopping on it, and it is not followed by a hamzah. When all these requirements are met the dhammah on the

(if there is one) becomes lengthened into a lengthened

or the kasrah on the

becomes lengthened like a lengthened

. When stopping on this

we stop with a regular sukoon, and the two count medd is dropped.

Examples:

THE SUBSTITUTE LENGTHENING

It is substituting a lengthened alif for the tanween with a fath, when stopping on it. The lengthening is two counts, which means, the length of two vowels, the same as the counts of

, or natural lengthening.

Examples:

EXCEPTION: Not included in this medd is

, or female

. This letter occurs on the end of nouns, indicates female gender, and is represented in Arabic as:

, or when linked to the letter before it, it looks like:

. This letter is always read as a

saakinah when stopping on the word, and is always read as a

in the case of continuing . The written vowel accompanying the

is read with the

upon reading it in continuum with the word that follows it. When a noun with a female

has a tanween with a fath on the tanween, the word should be stopped on with a

saakinah and there is no alif substituted for the tanween. This is found in such words as:

and

The Enabling Lengthening مد التمكين

Al-Madd Al-Tamkeen : occurs when a yaa mushaddadah with a kasr is followed by a yaa saakinah. This occurs only within a word, as words cannot start with a sukoon.

To be more specific: within a word, you notice a yaa that has a shaddah, and a kasra, this generally looks like this:

ــيِّــ

then you notice that after this yaa is another one, which has sukoon on it. Naturally as you pronounce this word, you are sounding this rule, al-madd al-tamkeen.

Examples of where this occurs in the Quran are as follow: