Qalqala, Tafkheem & Tarqeek and Noon & Meem with shaddah


QALQALA

The letters of qalqalah are in the group

 If we attempt to say one of these five qalqalah letters with a sukoon, we would find that the articulation point closes completely and that it causes an annoyance in the articulation mechanism.  This is due to the imprisonment of the sound behind the articulation point.

A very important note: The qalqalah does not resemble a fat-h or a dhamma or a kasrah.  It does not follow the vowel of the preceding letter, nor the following letter.  

The Qalqalah is divided into two classes: the lesser and greater qalqalah:

The Lesser Qalqalah  : This occurs when the qalqalah in is the middle of a word, or at the end of a word, and we are not stopping on that word. In this case, we say the qalqalah, and immediately proceed to the next letter or word. i.e. 

The Greater Qalqalah : This happens when the qalqalah is the last letter of a word, and we are stopping on that word.  For example: .

The difference between the two divisions is that there is more of a ring to the greater qalqalah because we are stopping on it than there is on the lesser qalqalah.

THE GHUNNAH   

The ghunnah is defined as: a nasal sound that is emitted from the nose. This is a required characteristic of the  and .  The ghunnah  cannot be separated from these two letters and is an inherent part of their makeup. 
The ghunnah is not a letter but a characteristic of these two letters, but it has its own distinct place of articulation. 
The ghunnah  is articulated from : the hole in the nose that continues back  towards inside the mouth.
It is a nasal sound coming from the nasopharynx without any influence from the tongue.  If you hold your nose closed you will not be able to produce the ghunnah sound, but the letters themselves that have this associated sound with them are not articulated from the nose.

THE  AND  WITH A SHADDAH

Anytime the letters  and  have a shaddah on them, they are held for a length of time, and the ghunnah described above is present during the lengthening.
 A shaddah represents two of any letter.  When the symbol for a shaddah (a small ) is over any letter, there are two of that same letter recited, the first with a sukoon, the second with the vowel written above or under the shaddah mark. 
The length of time to hold the  and  that have a shaddah on them cannot be given in counts, instead the timing must be picked up from a teacher who has a strong background and has learned their recitation at the hands of masters in recitation.  The concept of two counts for a ghunnah is not a correct concept.  The ghunnah has different timings depending on whether there is a shaddah, or if there is hiding of the  or , or if the two letters are recited clearly with a sukoon on them, or a vowel.  The longest timing for the ghunnah is when there is a shaddah on one of the two letters. 
If we take a look at a few aayaat, we can pick out where the  and  have a shaddah on them, and therefore the sound of the ghunnah should be lengthened when reciting them.
The next two aayaat there are three different  that have a shaddah on them. They are in red.  Each of them are held for a length of time, equal to each other with a ghunnah (nasalization) accompanying the lengthening.
In this aayah, there are two different  with a shaddah on them. One in the second word, the other in the third word.  Each of them should be held for a period of time, equal to the other, elongating the sound with a ghunnah emitted from the nose.  

TAFKHEEM AND TARQEEQ


The definition of tafkheem: Fattening
Its applied definition:  It is a heaviness that enters the body of the letter, so that the mouth is filled with its reverberation (echo). The method of making a letter have the characteristic of tafkheem is: elevating the posterior tongue to the roof of the mouth (soft palate), creating more space between the roof of the mouth and the bottom of the mouth, and focusing the pressure of the letter to the roof of the mouth.
The linguistic definition of tarqeeq : Thinness
Its applied definition:  It is a thinness that enters the body of the letter, so the mouth is not filled with its reverberation (echo).
The Arabic letters are divided into three groups as to tafkheem and tarqeeq:
 Letters that always have tafkheem.  These are the seven letters in the group .  They are also called the tafkheem letters.













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